EXPRESSING RELIEF AND PAIN

EXPRESSING RELIEF AND PAIN

1.             1.    EXPRESSING RELIEF

     When we have problem and we can solve it, we will feel relief. In other situation, when we feel worried about     something that we will face it, we will also feel relief. a relief is lessening or ending of pain and worry. for example :
             -   What a relief!
             -   That's a relief!
            -   I'm very relieved to hear that (it)
            -   I'm glad everything's running well.
             -   I'm glad it's done.
            -   Thank God for that.
            -   Thank goodness.
            -   Thank heaveness.
            -   Oh, good!
            -   Oh, marvelous!

-    It’s great relief!

Example dialog:

Deananda            : Hey guys , score list mathematics test is out, I have 79

Olvie                   : I have 83

Puput                  : What ? I don't know about that, what score do I have ?I afraid it is notcomplete

Ira                       :  Don't  worry put , you get 80 , I see there  , i get 80 too

Puput                  :That's a relief , thanks Ira

Ira                       : ok ,you’re welcome.

2.     EXPRESSING PAIN

When we get sick, we must feel pain on part of our body. When we get an accident, and we get injured because of it, we must feel pain. 

Some expression of pain :
-  It’s very painful. I can't stand it.
-  The pain hurts me very much.
-  That's hurts!-Oh, my headache!
-  My back pains me.
-  I'm not feeling well.
-  I have a bad cough.
-  I feel terrible.
-  I'm really sick.
-  I can no longer stand.

-   Ouch. It hurts!

-        Oh, it’s killing me!

We can also add it with some interjection, such as : Oh!, Ouch! and Aww

Example dialog :

Made  : Vitalis , how your condition today ? Yesterday you are absent right?

Vitalis  : Hmm , not bad , because I have fever yesterday. it's very painful

Made  : Ohh, don't be over tired vitalis

Vitalis : Ya , you're alright , thanks Made

Made  :It's ok , no problem

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Adjective clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adjective and a noun or pronoun describes a complex sentence. Complex sentence is a sentence that consists of an independent clause and one or more dependent clause.

                Position adjective clause always follows the noun or pronoun (subject or object) is described. In other words, this clause is the information added to the subject or object.

                Adjective clause begins with a word called relative pronouns (who, Whom, etc). This word is useful to bridge relationships with subject / object described.

Function of the adjective clause or a relative clause is:

1.           Clarify or define which people or things are being discussed, without making a new sentence.

2.          Avoid unnecessary repetition of words. Remember, avoid repetition as much as possible.

Writing adjective clause in the sentence: With or without coma coma?

Sometimes we get confused in deciding whether the adjective clause must be separated from the main sentence with a comma or not. Understand this rule.

1.       Do not use commas if the adjective clause in the sentence where necessary as descriptors that define the person / thing that is being discussed. This is what in terms of grammar called defining relative clause. Without defining relative clause, those discussed in the sentence would be unclear.

2.       Use commas if the adjective clause in the sentence being only as additional information about someone / something. This is what in terms of grammar called non-defining relative clause. Without the use of a non-defining relative clause-one, things / people spoken of in the sentence is obvious.

Defining Relative Clause	Non-defining Relative Clause
The rhincodon typus is a species of shark which reaches approximately 12 metres (39 ft).	Sharks, which date from more than 420 million years ago, have diversified into 440 species.
I will introduce you to a friend who runs a successful business.	Mr. Lui, who has been our principal for two years, is a very energetic man.

Tips to make adjective clause

1. "Who" used when  adjective clause talking about people, not things.
• The doctor who is examining the patient is a heart specialist.
• I am going to tell you a story about a man who risked his own life to help another..

2. "That" or "which" used when  adjective clause talk about things, not a person.
• The book that I borrowed from the local library two days ago was about the theories of learning.
• My son enjoyed reading the storybook that I bought him last month.

3. "That" more commonly used than "which". But , non-defining relative clause should only be used "which".
• She lived in a house that / which overlooked the beach.
• He told us about his new job, which he enjoyed very much. (‘that’ is not possible)

4. "Whose" used to replace a possessive pronoun "his", "her", "their".
• A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. (her husband is dead)
• Do you still remember the boy whose book you borrowed?

5. "Whom" used to replace personal pronouns if the position is as an object in adjective clause. In spoken English, "whom" often replaced by "who", "that", or eliminated altogether.
• Do you know the man (whom) we met in the hotel lobby this morning?
• The student (whom) the teacher sent out was caught cheating during a test.

6. "Where" used when  adjective clause talking about place.
• The house where we lived before moving here was quite old.
• The beach where human skeletons were found is closed for public.

7. "When" used when  adjective clause talking about time.
• Do you still remember the day when we first met?
• September is the month when mango trees start to bear fruit.

REPORT TEXT

REPORT TEXT

A. DEFINITION OF REPORT

Report Text is one of the 13 types of English texts (genres) that presents information about things like nature, animals, plants, products of human endeavor and social phenomena, as it is. The information presented in the Report Text is the result of systematic observation and analysis. A report is essentially a description that classifies and describes things in general and specific terms.

B.  PURPOUSE OF REPORT.

1.       to inform (Hardy dan Klarwein, 1990)

2.       to provide information about natural and non-natural phenomena (Hammond, dkk., 1992)

3.       to document, organize and store factual information on a topic, classify and describe the phenomena of our world - about a whole class of things  (not about one specific thing) - about living things like plants and animals, and non-living things like phones, bikes, or oceans. (Derewianka, 1990)

4.       to describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-made and social phenomena in our environment (Gerot dan Wignell, 1994)

5.       to describe the way things are, with reference to a whole range of phenomena, natural, synthetic and social in our environment (Callaghan dan Rothery, 1988)

There are the elements of usefulness of that can be extracted from the above statements.

· Provide factual information to

· Non-natural and natural phenomena

· Whole class of Things

· To classify

· To describe

C. GENERIC STRUCTURE OF REPORT

1.     General classification:

                       Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant,  etc        which  will be discussed in general.

2.   Description:

                        Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

There are also some generic information about the report text structure, that is:

1.    General information:

    the part that mentions the general information of literary themes.

2.    Bundles of Specific Information:

      the elaboration of this general information.

D. LANGUAGE FEATURE OF REPORT

§  Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc

§  Using simple present tense

§  Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;

§  Use of Relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;

§  Some use of action verbs when describing behavior, eg Emus can not fly;

§  Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;

§  Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;

§  Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

E.   DIFFERENCES IN THE REPORT AND DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

1. Report:

- General Structure:

a. General Statement

b. description

2. Descrition:

- General Structure:

a. Identification

b. description

Ø                                 Part of unity of thing:

Description is a type of text that contains a description of something. To describe that describes the means, then type this text tells something obvious, so regardless of the object described, the reader

or listener could almost see the object clearly. Almost similar to the text genre REPORT. But of course there are differences. Report tells something general, but Description text  tells only one of the specified object.

In short, the Report Text describing something that usually refers to the phenomena of nature, animals, and scientific objects. Report Text written after getting careful observation. This scientific tekhnikal makes a clear difference of Descriptive Text.

F.   EXAMPLE OF REPORT TEXT

Hello friends, thank you for the time given to me. Here I want to tell you about the king of the jungle. Do you know the Lion? Well, I think you have seen a Lion in the television or in the zoo. Well guys, Lion is a carnivore, and it is a wild animal. You can find a Lion in the African jungle, you also can find it in the savannah and forest.

A Lion looks like a cat but it is bigger than a cat. The male Lion has mane, it is bigger than the female. Friends? Do you know that Lion is a great hunter? They can run very fast like a horse. They have strong and sharp claws to catch their prey. Its fangs are very strong. Emmm. . . Lion likes to eat zebra, buffaloes, or deer. And guys, you must know that Lion is a good listener because it can hear voice from until 100 until 150 meters.

Well friends, I think that’s all about the king of the jungle. And it’s time for me to leave. I hope this short report will be useful for you. Ok guys, thank you for your attention. See you bye, , bye. .

What Is Thunder and Lightning?

Lightning is a sudden, violent fl ash of electricity between a cloud and the ground, or from cloud to cloud. A lightning fl ash, or bolt, can be several miles long. It is so hot, with an average temperature of 34,000° Centigrade, that the air around it suddenly expands with a loud blast. This is the thunder we hear.

Lightning occurs in hot, wet storms. Moist air is driven up to a great height. It forms a type of cloud called cumulonimbus. When the cloud rises high enough, the moisture freezes and ice crystals and snowfl akes are formed. These begin to fall, turning to rain on the way down. This rain meets more moist air rising, and it is the friction between them which produces static electricity. When a cloud is fully charged with this electricity, it discharges it as a lightning fl ash.