Definite Pronouns
Definite Pronoun: replaces a noun that’s identity has been clearly given.
Function: eliminates repetition or unnecessary naming of a
known or identified noun(s).
There are two types
of definite pronouns:
1)
personal: I, you, she, he, it, we, they, you, me, her, him, us, them
Example: Would you like to
study together after class?
2)
demonstrative: this, that, these, those
Example: There 10 cherry trees outside the school
gate. Those are my favorite trees at
our school.
Indefinite Pronouns
An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite". Some typical indefinite pronouns are:- all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each, everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody/someone
Note that many indefinite pronouns also function as other
parts of speech. Look at "another" in the following sentences:
- He has one job in the day and another at night. (pronoun)
- I'd like another drink, please. (adjective)
Notice that a singular pronoun takes a singular verb AND that any personal pronoun should also agree (in number and gender). Look at these examples:
- Each of the players has a doctor.
- I met two girls. One has given me her phone number.
- Many have expressed their views.
pronoun
|
meaning
|
example
|
singular
|
||
another
|
an additional or different person or
thing
|
That ice-cream was good. Can I have another?
|
anybody/anyone
|
no matter what person
|
Can anyone answer
this question?
|
anything
|
no matter what thing
|
The doctor needs to know if you have
eaten anything in the last two hours.
|
each
|
every one of two or more
people or things, seen separately
|
Each has his own thoughts.
|
either
|
one or the other of two people or things
|
Do you want tea or coffee? / I don't
mind. Either is good for me.
|
enough
|
as much or as many as
needed
|
Enough is enough.
|
everybody/everyone
|
all people
|
We can start the meeting because everybody
has arrived.
|
everything
|
all things
|
They have no house or
possessions. They lost everything in the earthquake.
|
less
|
a smaller amount
|
"Less is more" (Mies van
der Rohe)
|
little
|
a small amount
|
Little is known about his early life.
|
much
|
a large amount
|
Much has happend since we met.
|
neither
|
not one and not the
other of two people or things
|
I keep telling Jack and
Jill but neither believes me.
|
nobody/no-one
|
no person
|
I phoned many times but nobody
answered.
|
nothing
|
no single thing, not
anything
|
If you don't know the
answer it's best to say nothing.
|
one
|
an unidentified person
|
Can one smoke here? | All the
students arrived but now one is missing.
|
other
|
a different person or
thing from one already mentioned
|
One was tall and the other
was short.
|
somebody/someone
|
an unspecified or unknown person
|
Clearly somebody murdered him. It
was not suicide.
|
something
|
an unspecified or
unknown thing
|
Listen! I just heard something!
What could it be?
|
you
|
an unidentified person (informal)
|
And you can see why.
|
plural
|
||
both
|
two people or things, seen together
|
John likes coffee but not tea. I think both
are good.
|
few
|
a small number of people
or things
|
Few have ever disobeyed him and lived.
|
fewer
|
a reduced number of people or things
|
Fewer are smoking these days.
|
many
|
a large number of people
or things
|
Many have come already.
|
others
|
other people; not us
|
I'm sure that others have tried
before us.
|
several
|
more than two but not
many
|
They all complained and several
left the meeting.
|
they
|
people in general (informal)
|
They say that vegetables are good for you.
|
singular or plural
|
||
all
|
the whole quantity of something or of
some things or people
|
All
is forgiven.
All have arrived. |
any
|
no matter how much or
how many
|
Is any left?
Are any coming? |
more
|
a greater quantity of something; a
greater number of people or things
|
There is more over there.
More are coming. |
most
|
the majority; nearly all
|
Most is lost.
Most have refused. |
none
|
not any; no person or persons
|
They fixed the water so why is none
coming out of the tap?
I invited five friends but none have come.* |
some
|
an unspecified quantity
of something; an unspecified number of people or things
|
Here is some.
Some have arrived. |
such
|
of the type already mentioned
|
He was a foreigner and he felt that he
was treated as such.
|
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