Gerunds, Present, and Past Participle as Adjective

GERUNDS

In English, the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence. For example: Eating this cake is easy.

Other examples of the gerund:

·         I like swimming. (direct object)

·         Swimming is fun. (subject)

·         I never gave swimming all that much effort. (indirect object)

Gerund clauses:

·         She is considering having a holiday.

·         Do you feel like going out?

·         I can't help falling in love with you.

·         I can't stand not seeing you.

PRESENT

The present (or now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of time between the past and the future, and can vary in meaning from being an instant to a day or longer. 

Example:
-I help people
-I'M happy today
-You are busy now
-We are ready
-She is tired
-I live in Jakarta
-I have breakfast at six 

PAST PARTICIPLE AS ADJECTIVE

Past participle adjective is :

·         indicates a past or completed action or time

·         is formed from a verbusing the perfect aspect and the passive voice

·         does not take objectan 

·         is often called the -ed form

·         often has the same form as the simple past of the verb 

Example :

·         The bored student.

·         The confused class. (all the students)

·         The chicken has eaten. (perfect aspect:)

·         The chicken was eaten. (passive voice)